# Lonely, Low Mood and Inactive: The Riskiest Mix for Dementia

_Evidence Level: Moderate · van Baal TL et al., Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, DOI 10.1177/13872877261498431_

*Clusters of modifiable dementia risk factors at mid-life and late-life and their association with incident dementia: A prospective cohort study of 246,968 adults.*

- **Evidence Level**: Moderate
- **Why this grade**: Almost 247,000 adults were followed for up to eleven years; as an observational study it cannot separate cause from effect, and risk factors were asked only once.
- **Facts**: Design: Prospective cohort study · Duration: 11 years · Funding: ZonMw
- **Publication Types**: Journal Article
- **Journal**: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
- **Sample Size**: 246,968 adults in the Netherlands
- **Authors**: van Baal TL, Köhler S, Deckers K, Janssen N
- **Graded and published**: 2026-10-22
- **Last edited**: 2026-10-28
- **Topics**: Brain Health, Social Factors, Exercise
- **DOI**: https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261498431
- **Original Source**: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42911078/

## Summary

Risk factors for dementia rarely come alone. A large Dutch analysis looked at which combinations in later life were most closely tied to developing dementia. The highest risk showed up in a group where loneliness, low mood and too little physical activity came together. Their risk was 23 percent higher than in people with the most favourable profile.

The data came from a 2012 health survey of almost 247,000 adults. The researchers looked at ten risk factors people can change, including high blood pressure, diabetes, hearing loss, alcohol, smoking and depression. A statistical method sorted people into groups with similar patterns. For those over 65, the team tracked who developed dementia up to 2023. A group marked by heavy drinking and smoking had a 16 percent higher risk. A group with heart and metabolic problems had a 12 percent higher risk.

These figures already account for social and demographic differences. Still, the study shows links, not causes. It cannot tell whether easing loneliness or moving more in old age prevents dementia. The risk factors were also measured in a single survey.

## Practical Takeaway

Older adults in whom loneliness, low mood and physical inactivity came together had the highest risk of dementia.

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_Canonical: https://longevity-cities.com/en/research/lonely-low-mood-and-inactive-the-riskiest-mix-for-dementia · Part of Longevity Cities · Updated 2026-10-28_